Closed-Form Expressions to Estimate the Mean and Variance of the Total Vector Error

The need for accurate measurements and estimating the uncertainties associated with measures are two pillars researchers metrologists. This is particularly true in distribution networks due to a mass deployment of new intelligent electronic devices. Among such devices, phasor measurement units key enablers obtaining full observability grid. unit performance mostly evaluated by means total vector error, which combines error on amplitude, phase, time. However, typically provided merely as number, that could vary within an unknown interval. may result into incompliance final user expectancies. To this purpose, aim answering practical needs from industrial world, paper presents closed-form expression allows us quantify, simple way, confidence interval error. input required set errors affects analog digital converter unit. obtained has been validated Monte Carlo method variety realistic conditions. results confirm applicability effectiveness proposed expression. It can be then easily implemented all monitoring device algorithms, or directly manufacturer characterize their solve lack knowledge computation.